Description this content gives an overview about the knowledge representation schemes in ai. An acquisition on the other hand is simply a purchase. A basic concept in the es domain is term knowledge engineering. Overview of private company mergers and acquisitions. The interviews resulted in 10 different knowledge sets, represented as graphs. However, statistic data show that mergers and acquisitions often do. Details of these activities are discussed in the following sections. Our consultants have served as independent advisors to boards and senior management at many leading companies in the areas of compensation strategy and program design. An example of a knowledge qualified representation is. Merger integration principles an executives guide to accelerating the transition for deals and managing change consulting services. It is of great help to beginners in this discipline as it explains the concepts very clearly. Pdf evaluation of knowledge representation schemes as a. For instance, companies with excess funds, searching for ways to grow quickly might be interested in acquiring upstream or downstream suppliers. Normally a number of factors like book value per share, market.
An experimental comparison of knowledge representation schemes. Scheme of merger pdf this scheme of amalgamation is presented under sections 391 to 394 and other. A knowledge representation language is defined by two aspects. Coates iv1 the core goal of corporate law and governance is to improve outcomes for participants in businesses organized as corporations, and for society, relative to what could be achieved. Basically, facets occur as relational structures that combine units, and. The representation and manipulation of knowledge has been drawing a great deal. So, knowledge representation and reasoning krr page 7. Aug 04, 2010 legal and procedural aspects of mergers merger is a financial tool that is used for enhancing longterm profitability by expanding their operations. Even though the term may not hold specific legal meaning or carry specific. Here is an example of a proseller form of representation and. Knowledge representation and reasoning the morgan kaufmann series in artificial intelligence brachman, ronald, levesque, hector on. Pdf although knowledge representation is one of the central and in some ways most familiar concepts in ai. Creating a european champion in mobility to better serve our. Knowledge is represented as answer set programs, and reasoning is.
Evaluation of procedural and jurisdictional aspects of eu merger control i. Knowledge representation and reasoning logics for arti cial. Mergers and acquisition has been a very popular vehicle for growth and restructuring in the corporate world during the last couple of decades. A framework for representing knowledge marvin minsky mit. In artificial intelligence, knowledge representation is the study of how the. Legal and procedural aspects of mergers mba knowledge base. This content gives an overview about the knowledge representation schemes in ai. Ignoring potential antitrust problems, this merger would be classified as an. Pdf in developing a knowledgebased system, it is crucial to use an appropriate knowledge representation scheme krs for efficient. This presentation covers knowledge acquisition for artificial intelligence.
The process of knowledge transfer in mergers and acquisitions. Historically, roughly two thirds lose value on the stock market. According to a kpmg study eightythree percent of mergers do not boost shareholder return. In other words, only redundant elements can be merged with others. Types, regulation, and patterns of practice john c. Knowledge representation and reasoning logics for arti. In addition, the redefined models in this thesis provide a foundation for future research. A knowledge representation system should have following properties. Insightful and material due diligence prior to consummating the deal greatly increases the likelihood that the acquirer will achieve the expected strategic goals and synergies. Introduction to mergers and acquisitions 5 a horizontal merger horizontal mergers occur when two companies sell similar products to the same markets.
Its splitter function split pdf files by page numbers as well as by page ranges. Merger and acquisition activity in the united states has typically run in cycles, with peaks coinciding with periods of strong business growth. Merger of two weaker banks or merger of one health bank with one weak bank can be treated as the faster and less costly way to improve profitability then spurring internal growth franz, h. Acquired knowledge is organized so that it will be ready for use, in an activity called knowledge representation. Manifesto of krr a program has common sense if it automatically deduces for itself a su ciently wide class of immediate consequences of anything it is.
The main motive behind the merger and acquisition in the banking industry is. One around the turn of the twentieth century, the second peaking in 1929 the third in the latter half of the 1960s the fourth in the first half of 1980s and the fifth in the latter half of the 1990s. Knowledge representation an overview sciencedirect topics. Suppose that ford and general motors were to merge.
One around the turn of the twentieth century, the second peaking in 1929 the third in the latter half. The object of a knowledge representation is to express knowledge in a computer. Chapter knowledge 18 acquisition, representation, and. Companies in all industries have grown at lightning speed, in part because of an aggressive merger and acquisition strategy. Many of the knowledge representation schemes were developed mainly to ease development and maintenance of extensive knowledge bases. Mergers and acquisitions higher school of economics. Consideration paid for the acquisition may include cash, stock of the buyer, assumption of seller liabilities or a combination of these. Here is an example of a proseller form of representation and warranty regarding ip noninfringement.
Mergers occur when the merging companies have their mutual consent. Many organizations reserve a pool to fund mergerrelated retention incentives. It is very important that a rational ratio of exchange of shares should be decided. Merger of equals with listing in france and hq in paris siemens controls the combined business. The resulting knowledge graph was converted into rules acceptable to g2. The shareholders of amalgamated companies are given shares of the amalgamated company. Oct 16, 2017 compensation advisory partners cap is a leading independent consulting firm specializing in executive and director compensation and related corporate governance matters. A glance at any business newspaper or business news web page will indicate that mergers and acquisitions are big business and are taking place all the time. If we merge many properties of the same object we get the. The seller has no knowledge of any breach or anticipated breach by the other parties to any contract to which the company is party. Hauskrecht knowledge representation knowledge representation kr is the study of how knowledge and facts about the world can be represented, and what kinds of reasoning can be done with that knowledge. A good knowledge representation system for any particular domain should. Knowledge representation schemes are useless without the ability to reason with them.
The main motive behind the merger and acquisition in the banking industry is to achieve economies of scale and scope. The object of a knowledge representation is to express knowledge in a computer tractable form, so that it can be used to enable our ai agents to perform well. The following questionnaire has been drafted by the services of the directorate general for competition in order to collect views on some procedural and jurisdictional aspects of eu merger control. Even though the term may not hold specific legal meaning or. We argue that the notion can best be understood in terms of. Demerger reverse merger cases where listed company division of listed company merges with an unlisted company and shares are issued to shareholders of listed company and such unlisted company seeks listing provisional net worth excluding revaluation reserve certificate of the demerged company pre and post demerger. Pdf split merge software is an easy to use pdf tool for splitting and merging of pdfs without any complication. This strategy is commonly seen within the medical technology industry, where most research has. The notion that knowledge representation schemes play an important role in building intel. Mergers and acquisitions are usually, but not always, part of an expansion strategy. The goal of a horizontal merger is to create a new, larger organization with more market share. Merger%and%acquisition the impact on organizational. A good knowledge representation enables fast and accurate access to knowledge and understanding of the content.
In mergers and acquisitions two cultures are combined, and also two systems of knowledge and insights are. W178 chapter 18 knowledge acquisition, representation, and reasoning knowledge can be used in a knowledgebased system to solve new problems via machine inference and to explain the generated recommendation. Part iii deals with the merger of transferor company with amalgamated company part iv deals with the issue of shares for part ii and part iii of the scheme part v deals with the demerger of tower undertaking of amalgamated company into resulting company 2 part vi deals with general terms and conditions part i 2. Knowledge representation schemes are a means of encoding and storing. A frame is a datastructure for representing a stereotyped situation, like being in a certain kind of living room, or going to a childs birthday party. This study is a case study about acquisition and merger process, which took place in february 2014, when company x name changed bought three magazines and 42 employees were transferred from company y name changed. First, a knowledge representation is most fundamentally a surrogate, a substitute for the thing itself, that is used to enable an entity to determine consequences by thinking rather. Pooling might be used in an allstock transaction that is viewed more as a merger than an acquisition.
Representational adequacy the ability to representall kinds of knowledge that are needed in that domain. Home corporates listed companies information memorandum scheme of. It proposes a unifying concept framework to combine extensional and. Knowledge validationor verification involves validating. Knowledge management in mergers and acquisitions request pdf. Evaluating mergers and takeovers economics tutor2u. The merger of the transferor company with the transferee company pursuant to this. This last peak, in the final years of the twentieth century, brought. Brian smith any mechanically embodied intelligent process will be comprised of structural. Knowledge representation and reasoning logics for artificial. Mergers and acquisitions edinburgh business school. The motivation that drives mergers can be flawed and, in many cases, the problems associated.
In a merger, one corporation merges with another to become a single ongoing corporation. In a taxfree acquisition, the shareholders of the target firm. Attached to each frame are several kinds of information. Acquisition and merger process through the eyes of employees. Acquisition and restructuring strategies flashcards. Basic concepts of merger and acquisitions finance essay. In addition, the redefined models in this thesis provide a. Ron brachman has been doing influential work in knowledge representation since the time. Pdf split merge software mergining pdfs files combining. In practice, a merger usually involves acquisition by a. Syntax the syntax of a language defines which configurations of the components. Chapter 2 conceptual framework of merger and acquisition. Leading through transition perspectives on the people side. Merger%and%acquisition the impact on organizationalculture.
Join s of fellow economics teachers and students all getting the tutor2u economics teams latest resources and support delivered fresh in their inbox every morning. Request pdf describing knowledge representation schemes. A dollar equals a dollar cars are maintenance free, no need for me to budget money for repairs and upkeep the path to pricing a company is lengthy and complicated. Knowledge representation a subarea of arti cial intelligence concerned with understanding, designing, and implementing ways of representing information in computers so that programs agents can use this information to derive information that is implied by it, to converse with people in natural languages, to decide what to do next. They can be horizontal deals, in which competitors are combined. W176 chapter 18 knowledge acquisition, representation, and reasoning 2. Mergers and acquisitions are among the most effective ways to expedite the implementation of a plan to grow rapidly. Knowledge representation schemes are useless without the ability.
This windows application gives you a bunch of much needed pdf tools, all included in one installation package. We can combine sentences by the rules of logic to produce new sentences, e. Types of merger 5 conglomeration it refers to the merger of companies, which do not either sell any related products or cater to any related markets. Creating a european champion in mobility to better serve our customers worldwide analyst call paris, september 27, 2017 joe kaeser, president and ceo ralf p. Knowledge merger we are a bunch of young undergrad bloggers who are trying to merge various pieces of information, compile them and present our assessments and interpretations to help out people around the world. Merge pdf documents combine multiple files using the merging feature. It is beneficial especially to the students who are pursuing mca from ignou. This activity involves preparation of a knowledge map and encoding of the knowledge in the knowledge base. Jun 12, 2012 yes, thats what advanced pdf utilities free is all about. Compensation implications of mergers and acquisitions. It is easy to use, simple and fast utility for splitting and merging pdfs. Outline of legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions in. Substantive criteria used for merger assessment 2002.
The amalgamation or merger schemes involve exchange of shares. This document includes an executive summary and the documents from the meeting. Test your knowledge of the impact that a corporate change in control can have on outstanding equity awards. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Arti cial intelligence ai a eld of computer science and engineering concerned with the computational understanding of what is commonly called intelligent behavior, and with the creation of artifacts that exhibit such behavior. The impact of technology and the internet has only further increased the pace and size of deals. Substantive criteria used for merger assessment 2002 the oecd competition committee debated substantive criteria used for merger assessment in october 2002. Scheme of merger and arrangement amongst tml drivelines limited transferor company and tata motors limited transferee company and their respective shareholders under section 230 to 232 of companies act, 20 and other applicable provisions of the companies act, 20 1.
Given the great variety of such available schemes, it would be desirable to have a uniform way of treating them. We will work with several offtheshelf representation and reasoning tools we will not be writing any new tools from scratch the focus will be on applying representation techniques to real world knowledge and using existing tools to reason with that knowledge minor programming may be needed for some assignments. There are different ways of defining a merger or an acquisition. Here, the two companies entering the merger process do not possess any common business ties.
Evaluation of procedural and jurisdictional aspects of eu. This paper discusses the need for knowledge management in mergers and acquisitions. Chapter knowledge 18 acquisition, representation, and reasoning. Additional articles describe the al representation tech niques. This is a process of encoding the human knowledge into a formalized framework. Knowledge representation and reasoning the morgan kaufmann series in artificial intelligence. Some of this information is about how to use the frame. Ai knowledge representation schemes add to favourites. Creating a european champion in mobility to better serve our customers worldwide analyst call paris, september 27, 2017. Mergers and acquisitions edinburgh business school ix preface an understanding of mergers and acquisitions as a discipline is increasingly important in modern business. Transaction basics there are three basic types of acquisition. Aug 21, 2017 18 key issues in negotiating merger and acquisition agreements for technology companies. Merger of equals is a phrase that is thrown around in deal negotiations and disclosures often without a full appreciation of its meaning, or lack thereof as was laid bare in the acrimonious litigation over the daimlerchrysler combination. The representation and manipulation of knowledge has been drawing a great deal of attention since the early days of computer science, resulting in the introduction of numerous different knowledge representation schemes kr schemes.
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